Present perfect tense

I have sung

The present perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, but it gives speakers of some languages a difficult time. That is because it uses concepts or ideas that do not exist in those languages. In fact, the structure of the present perfect tense is very simple. The problems come with theuse of the tense. In addition, there are some differences in usage between British and American English.

How do we make the Present Perfect Tense?

The structure of the present perfect tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
.	.	have	.	past participle

Here are some examples of the present perfect tense:

.	subject	auxiliary verb	.	main verb	.
+	I	have	.	seen	ET.
+	You	have	.	eaten	mine
-	She	has	not	been	to Rome
-	We	have	not	played	football
?	Have	you	.	finished?	.
?	Have	they	.	done	it?

Contractions with the present perfect tense

When we use the present perfect tense in speaking, we usually contract the subject and auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this when we write.

He's or he's??? Be careful! The 's contraction is used for the auxiliary verbs have and be. For example, "It's eaten" can mean:

It haseaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]

It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]

It is usually clear from the context.

I have	I've
You have	You've
He has She has It has John has The car has	He's She's It's John's The car's
We have	We've
They have	They've

Here are some examples:

I've finished my work.

John's seen ET.

They've gone home.

How do we use the Present Perfect Tense?

This tense is called the present perfect tense. There is always a connection with the past and with the present. There are basically three uses for the present perfect tense:

1. experience
2. change
3. continuing situation